the norm of reciprocity quizlet

refers to the pattern of norms and values that structures how business is actually carried out in an organization. - minority opinion can have impactful informational social influence on the majority Benefits both parties and could achieve a common goal Leadership influence located in (2) 1. degree of liking/disliking Remland, jones, brinkman studied touch in in europe and found that southern europeans engage in _____ touch than northern europeans nonprofit organizations designed to allow individuals an opportunity to pursue their shared interests collectively. judged as more relevant to the interaction than Clique. a) A P-value of 0.010.010.01 means that the null hypothesis is false. relationships characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing. two or more people who interact on the basis of shared social structure and who acknowledge their mutual dependency. The "norm of reciprocity" has been used to explain the effectiveness of which sequential persuasion tactics? Intimate/long-term partners: Communal Your behavior is being guided by: Your neighbor asks if you can feed her cat for a day while she is out of town. supported the reciprocity rule because they perceived waiter as more kind. the last effort (going around the table to give candy). kind of thinking that occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned. religion _____ groups are large, formal, and impersonal. How did Cialdini's Zoo study demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique? If so, how much? Which element of self-disclosure is reflected in their relationship? intimacy and passion. Norm of reciprocity is also known as? How do pregiving techniques make use of the reciprocity norm? What were Thorndike's observations leading to the law of effect? 5) taking action, any group of people with a particular religious or philosophical set of beliefs and identity, Muscles of the Upper Extremities and Back, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Economics - Market Structures (Year 2) - Olig. if the competitive atmosphere of most classrooms can increase racial and ethnic tensions in integrated schools, what would happen if the classroom were made less competitive? hypotheses: attempt to reduce by agreeing to a 2nd request. What is the door-in-the-face (DITF) technique and how does it make use of reciprocal concessions? an ungrateful freeloader. DV: tip% the influence of the other people that comes from the desire to avoid their disapproval and other sanctions (ridicule, barbs, ostracism). What total interest did Marcella earn in two months? WebNorm of reciprocity: Because the seller has sweetened the deal by adding on items, the customer may feel obligated to buy the product, thereby reciprocating the seller's action. One person -- a leader 2. What will her average cost per month be after being on the plan for 3 months? How did Strohmetz et al. the pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is in a particular social position. bargaining and helping to each interaction. Witoad of helping other out of concern for their wel bene, sometimes we offer anakutance simply to avoid lookin bod When people are in a situation in which they feel that they have received more For the first month, Marcella earned 3.87%3.87 \%3.87% annual interest. How does reciprocity seem to apply to all behaviors? C) states the tendency for the last item presented to be the best remembered. serve as the first step in which of Ex: quitting smoking, or deciding that it's not that bad, or deciding that smoking "light" cigarettes is okay, the forming of the first knowledge that a person has concerning another person, the mental processes that people use to make sense of the social world around them. Ex: "if he can do it, I can do it", the effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior, the tendency of one's expectations to affect one's behavior in such a way as to make the expectations more likely to occur, contact between groups in which the groups have equal status with neither group having power over the other. He has been offered three possible 4-year contracts. Credit card companies that offer a low, introductory "teaser" rate, and then up the in teaser rate dramatically a few months later, are guilty of using what strategy. This technique relies on the norm of reciprocity: after refusing the large commitment, the person feels like they should accept the smaller one. if they paid physicians first and asked to fill out a check there was more compliance than if they were promised a check for after filling it out. Be sure to include descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the study. 4. P agreement with the message position. Examine Target Corporation's consolidated statements of cash flows. Psychology. it involves thinking about a person not as an individual but as a member of a group or projecting what (you think) you know about the group onto your expectations about that person. worked in changing peoples attitude. exists when pressures to agree are strong enough to stifle critical thinking. Briefly explain the significance of Twenty-sixth Amendment. it also could be reciprocity where they feel the need to return favor. knowledgeability, and attractiveness Actively avoid calculating the level of equitable You are attending a yoga class for the first time and notice that everyone is seated on their yoga mat with their socks and shoes removed, so you take off your socks and shoes and sit down a yoga mat. According to modern science, Earth is about 4.54.54.5 billion years old, and written human history extends back about 10,00010,00010,000 years. when someone is good looking we rate them more as talented and kind and smart, etc. What four things effects group interactions? 2) defining an emergency WebNorm of social reciprocity definition the shared view that we are obligated to return to others the goods, services, and concessions they offer us Social reciprocity benefits to an Asking for a smaller request first, then after they agree you ask for a larger request. WebTerms in this set (20) Reciprocity. Similarity in dress. Example: "C'mon, just help me for five more minutes?". Webnorm of reciprocity assumption that if someone does something for a person, that person should do something for the other in return. If she enrolls in this plan, she can purchase the latest cell phone from the provider for $250. a special type of complex organization characterized by explicit rules and hierarchal authority structure, all designed to maximize efficiency Social responsibility: We comply because of 0 england. \end{aligned}\right. How far from the end of the timeline does writing human history begin? Liking: People who give something to others are (target sex: male vs. female) Those who cooperate toward the achievement of a common goal are more favorable and helpful to each other as a consequence. the formation of a person's identity within a particular social group is explained by social categorization, social identity, and social comparison, the part of the self-concept including one's view of self as a member of a particular social category, the comparison of oneself to others in ways that raise one's self esteem. DV: P judgment of relevance of helping and descriptions of the hypotheses, design (including how the variables were manipulated), dependent variables, and results of the research. Give further examples of the DITF technique? branch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace, changing one's behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change, asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a larger one. According to Birdwhistell and Philpott, nonverbal communication accounts for ____ percent to _____ percent of what we communicate to each other. 4. impersonal relationships How did Burger demonstrate this technique in a study on selling cupcakes? getting a commitment from a person and then raising the cost of that commitment. refers to the pattern of norms and values that structures how business is actually carried out in an organization, is the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant - efficiency, calculability, predictability and control - are coming to dominate more sectors of American society, _____________ are characterized by four basic social processes control. ). (f) the lowest gross profit? who has made a concession to us. In order words, people are obligated to repay people who have done something for us or given something to us. groups characterized by intimate, face-to-face interactions. Phenomenon increases in collectivist cultures. Webdescribes how relationships initiate and develop through processes of exchange and reciprocity - helps explain the social dynamics behind relationship building norm of Overpowering; even if we dislike someone, we still feel the need to reciprocate - it is thereby a social norm. A) Reproduction is more costly to men than to women. Review the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet. How do our distributive justice norms differ depending on the type of relationship involved? a small,exclusive group that restricts who can join. 1. the voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits. the greater number of ties, the greater an individuals centrality, relationships characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing, relationships characterized by low intensity and lack of intimacy, are nonprofit organizations designed to allow individuals an opportunity to pursue their shared interests collectively, large, formal organizations with elaborate status networks Also are agents of social control in society. an influence process generated when act of leading (influencing) are combined with acts of following (deferring) as individuals work together to attain mutual goals, exerted by persons appointed or elected to positions of formal authority in organizations, exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others, occurs when leaders at lower levels influence those at higher levels to create change, means that leadership is constructed and produced in social and relational interactions among people acting in context, involves individuals negotiating identities as leaders and followers, refers to actions people take to assert their identity as a leader or follower, refers to actions people take to bestow an identity of a leader or follower onto another person, the extend to which individuals choose to assume leadership training, roles and responsibilities, our beliefs or understanding about the attributes associated with leaders and leadership, a process through which individuals choose how they will engage with leaders to co-produce leadership and its outcomes - the capacity or willingness to follow a leader, refers to the tendency to attribute organizational outcomes (both good and bad) to the acts and doings of leaders, followers that view their roles in the classic sense following passive, deferential, and obedient to authority, followers that view their role as expressing opinions, taking initiative, and constructively questioning and challenging leaders, defined as the beliefs followers hold about the way they should engage and interact with leaders to meet the needs of the work unit, the extend to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally, reflects the belief that followers should act in ways that are helpful, useful, and productive to leadership outcomes - partner with leaders to achieve goals, preconceived notions about prototypical followership behaviors and characteristics, conformity, insubordination, incompetence, leaders have differentiated relationships with followers - managers have high quality LMX relationships with some subordinates and low quality LMX with others, the suited of manager-subordinate relationship quality, describes how relationships initiate and develop through processes of exchange and reciprocity - helps explain the social dynamics behind relationship building, says that when one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid, three components of the norm of reciprocity, the extend to which the amount given back is roughly the same as what was received, refers to the time span of reciprocity - how quickly the repayment is made, based on the belief in the intention and ability of the other to repay, refers to our ability to violate norms with others based on whether we have enough "credits" to cover the violation, represents views of leadership not as a property of individuals and their behaviors but as a social phenomenon constructed in interaction, sees leadership as a group phenomenon that is distributed among individuals, occurs hen leadership is divided so that no one person has unilateral power to lead, a dynamic, interactive influence process among team members working to achieve goals. What is meant by "reciprocal concessions"? thereby reciprocating the seller's action. How environment effects communication type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other non-content factors. Did Target pay any cash dividends during the year ending January 30, 2016? The influences of the environments' physical dimensions, color and aesthetic appreciation, environmental size and shape and temperature and humidity, Study of communication that is engendered by bodily behaviors that can be visually observed. doing whatever we can to feel better about the in-group leads us to feel better about ourselves. This strategy is known as. are bargaining concepts. What theory explains why she did NOT help? 2. the tendency for people to put less effort into a simple task when working with others on that task because the focus of the evaluation is not directly on a single individual. WebA) indicates that the important points should be made early. Any form of communication that does not include The plan consists of unlimited talk and text and 18GB of data for$100 per month. -proximity also people sometimes comply with requests in order to reduce negative feelings and feel better about themselves, as she's taking the SATs Denise notices that she's one of the few woman there. (2002) investigate the friendliness, mood, and reciprocity explanations for the effects of giving candy on tips? asking for a large commitment, being refused, and asking for a smaller one. Left hemisphere of brain is responsible for most people's verbal communication, processes cognitive information you receive, and is specialized in: An abstract, logical, and analytical way that is best used for the analysis of language, a culture can use ____ or _____ _______ communication, most of the information is either in the physical context or internalized in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message Two doors in the face is better than one. provides a basis for predicting future behaviors, an approach is often identified by one of three related, but different factorsL, theoretical point of view they initiate the favour so the person feels compelled to return the favour to them. B) should be used when the topics are familiar, interesting, or controversial to the receiver. Three solutions: change behavior, change attitude, or form a new attitude to justify behavior. more likely to promote self-realization, and see each person as having a unique set of talents and potential. Professor's willingness to spend time helping student. Persuasion Perhaps." more effort (turning around and going back) = more tips. we learn our nonverbal communication norms from sources that nurture our communication, developed by darwin She earned 3.47%3.47 \%3.47% annual interest for the second month. You should also be able to answer the following questions about the research: True True False Question 2 1 / 1 ptsWhich of the following powers is derived from relations with powerful others? Example: we assume that quiet people are also shy. Often the basis for a more lasting relationship. In fact, it does rain, just as she predicted. Terms of each contract are as follows: As his adviser, which contract would you recommend that he accept? WebQuestion 1 1 / 1 ptsSocial exchange describes how relationships initiate and develop through the processes of exchange and reciprocity.Correct! calculability petting an animal, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. a special type of complex organization characterized by explicit rules and hierarchical authority structure, all designed to maximize efficiency. predictability emotional states that motivate benevolent behavior. False True or false: there is usually one right solution when it comes to leadership. a group is characterized by high levels of interaction and by strong feelings of attachment and mutual dependency. a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, or situation. Did the greater "persuasion" induced by attractive (vs. unattractive) communicators represent genuine belief change or mere compliance? The source and target audience are important in determining the effectiveness of the message, as well as how the message itself is delivered. Norm that obligates individuals to return the form of behaviour that they have received from another. (base form). "colors" how we see the event and may even determine whether we can see the event at all Scapegoats are often people in society with the least power, such as new immigrants. made it difficult effort to give candy. a sales technique in which the persuader makes an offer and then adds something extra to make the offer look better before the target person can even make a decision. a mutual exchange in which each person gives as well as receives. No, because her behaviors did not cause the prediction to come true. WebSocial Sciences. the difference between tna and ditf, is that the deal is sweetened the before the target can respond. What are the drawbacks of including free gifts with purchase? From the example above, The wife did the husband a favor by taking two jobs and provide a sets of assumptions about how different types of people, personality traits and actions are related to each other. READ PG 314, we are often well served by doing what others are doing unless we have a good reason not to. -communication patters Weba. You are most likely to receive help when there are ____ witnesses, Infants as young as____ prefer others who are helpful rather than hurtful, Which of the following is the best example of altruism, Jim buys gifts for poor children, because he knows it will make them happy, ____ is the idea that city dwellers learn to cope with the sounds that arise from population density by shutting out these sounds, In a research study using the Good Samaritan parable, Darley and Batson study seminary students to see whether their helping behavior was affected by. for charity card sales, the cards are 300 pennies, that's $3! How is liking associated with the Tupperware Corporation's home party concept's success? indepedent variable was candy with the bill. "Please contribute to our school fundraiser, every penny will help!" Reference groups, primary groups, secondary groups. exists when we compare ourselves to others who are better off than we are. WebTrue or false: The norm of reciprocity says that when one party does something for another, that party is indebted to the other until the obligation is repaid. What are the 4 explanations for why pregiving works? people who take particularly strong pride in their group affiliations are more prone to in-group favoritism when placed in minimal group situation. Today, these groups have weakened. Gratitude: Receiving a favor leads to positive combine some of the expressive functions of primary groups with the instrumental functions of secondary, when individuals are linked by dense, cross-cutting networks, they form a what? What procedures or conditions undermine the effectiveness of the DITF technique? WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like _______- to give something to someone else and except nothing in return., ______- involves moneyless transactions. Including monetary incentives along with a mail, giving candy to customers with their bills increases tips, because it increases your perceived friendliness. _____refers to the process by which evolution selects genes that cause individuals to provide benefits to their relatives. Lori Cook, the president, has asked each potential site to offer training programs, tax breaks, and other industrial incentives. How does it differ from the DITF technique? Sex make policy making possible especially in less ideological 2. Perceptual contrast effect: The 2nd, smaller https://quizlet.com/270322173/comm-102-chapter-3-flash-cards setting. *understand*. Blood donations True True or false: managers only need to have either position or personal power, but not both. groups characterized by intimate face to face interaction changing one's behavior to match that of other people. countries of low touch: more touch than northern europeans Race A rookie quarterback is negotiating his first NFL contract. groups that individuals compare themselves to regularly. The delay between both requests must be brief. the forms of interaction through which people relate to one another. Extending the length of time between requests Webgroup. ex: bureucracies. a set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all members of a particular social category. WebIn social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions. two special characteristics. 2 x+4 y+5 z &=8 verbal code is ______ and must be _____ when it is used, unless i know both the context and the individual(s) i run the risk of being incorrect in my perceptions, the better you know the context and the individual, the more accurate _____________, how is NVC similar in operation as verbal comm, provides us with the means to control our communication, several factors that our approach to nvc suggest, it implies that we either include or exclude several elements in our study Formal/short-term partners: Exchange functional approach, theoretical approach Now examine the notes at the bottom of the balance sheet. sold more cookies when they sweetened the deal after, tna technique. All of these are true. manicurist Group size assumption that if someone does something for a person, that person should do something for the other in return. the tendency for people to assume that within group similarity is much stronger for outgrips than for in-groups. Cook will need to train assemblers, testers, and robotics maintainers in local training centers. Then reframes request with a positive spin. How can you tell? Simone wants to help a struggling student, but on the other hand she is reluctant because she knows it will take time out of her busy schedule. You have just experienced: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. In the following sentences, underline the predicate adjectives. culture a group is characterized by high levels of interaction and by strong Impression management: Repaying favors is Does giving candy to customers with their bill really increase tips? desirable because it makes people feel good about themselves when they do the right thing. groups that are formal, large, and impersonal. Webreciprocity norm. Three components: affective (emotion), behavior (actions), and cognitive (thoughts and beliefs). people after tend to feel better about themselves when they comply to second request. However, the fact that she does not have good team management skills and does not cooperate with her teammates was ignored. Why did the researchers note that the communicators did not differ significantly as a function of attractiveness or sex with respect to their age or personal opinions on the persuasive message topic? the forms of interaction through which people relate to one another, the voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits, the expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships, interaction that occurs when people work together to achieve shared goals, struggle over scarce resources that is regulated by shared rules, a struggle over scarce resources that is not regulated by shared rules; it may include attempts to destroy, injure or neutralize ones rivals, two or more people who interact on the basis of shared social structure and who acknowledge their mutual dependency, groups that individuals compare themselves to regularly, exists when we compare ourselves to others who are better off than we are (reference groups). to ourselves (because we don't have to think hard about every possible action) to others (because conformity eliminates potential conflict and makes human interaction so much smoother). For instance, Religous tolerance offers a list of variations of the golden rule as expressed in 21 different religions. Explain for us why corn can grow so tall in this particular climate. Common greetings ("hows re you today?") ). {xy+3z=4x+5y+2z=32x+4y+5z=8\left\{\begin{aligned} Ps were presented with several descriptions of we typically have much more contact with fellow members of an in-group than with outgroup members, so we have more opportunity to encounter evidence of divergent opinions and habits among ingroup members. DITF interactions, then asked to judge the WebNorm of Reciprocity A feeling of obligation to help someone who has helped you. 3 Advanced tips to instantly increase engagem, Strategies behind building 6-figure funnels, Physical Ergonomics and Human-Computer Intera, Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being, Global Edition. Design: Name similar vs. control (dissimilar for Social penetration theory uses the metaphor of an onion to illustrate how self-disclosure develops over time in a relationship. 2. Culture trying to get someone to comply by acting nice or doing favors for him or her in advance. Discuss the contemporary research conducted by Garner (2005) entitled "What's in a Name? Our preferences for things that are familiar to us illustrates the _____ effect. Design: WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Norm of reciprocity, Free gift technique, Liking explanation and more. model of persuasion stating that people will either elaborate on the persuasive message (central-route processing) or fail to elaborate on it (peripheral-route processing) and that the future actions of those who do elaborate are more predictable than those who do not. For a sample of n=6n=6n=6, list the six ZZZ values. 2. hierarchal authority A boutique offers shoppers a glass of wine or a cup of coffee when you enter the store. Exchange, cooperation, competition, conflict. cooperation: a stereotype can be positive or negative, true or false. How does the use of unsolicited gifts employ the norm of reciprocity? Internalized social norm: Repaying favors is A requester begins with an extreme request that is nearly always rejected and then retreats to a more moderate favor Expert power Referent power Correct! more direct, precise, clear, and dependent on the verbal code for message transmission. giving of something as a free gift, actually reduces its valuability. the process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of others, the theory of how people make attributions: there are two explanations-situational or dispositional, cause of behavior attributed to external factors, such as delays, the action of others, or some other aspect of the situation, cause of behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality or character, the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors in determining behavior while underestimating situational factors, negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group. Learn More: Both chambers. WebQuestion: Question 16 1 pts Which of the following observations best illustrates the conclusion that the norm of reciprocity can influence helping behavior? Thus, they comply with a 2nd request. 2 florida Which of the following is not a duty of a partner? If so, how much? #1 & familiar for #2) The study concluded Webnorm of reciprocity a felt obligation and social expectation of helping or otherwise giving something of value to someone who has already helped or given something value to you Referent power The capacity to influence others on the basis of an identification with and respect for the power holder charisma person. B) A groups -- collective leadership (more self-managing) Formal leadership exchange D) states that the first item in a long list of items is the one most likely to be remembered. Change the italicized verb in each sentence to the form indicated in parentheses. 60% to 70% which is about 2/3 of what we communicate to each other is nonverbal interaction. 5. careers, tenure, and technical qualifications Analysis of how touch is used and how it's a component of using zero space: How people use their personal space

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