There's a lowlier part of our nature that grammar allows us to vent in the absence of other ways to do it that have not been available for some decades for a lot of us. They're more likely to see through this little game that language has played on them. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. There are signs it's getting even harder. All rights reserved. And there are all kinds of interesting, useful, eye-opening ideas that exist in all of the world's languages. So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. VEDANTAM: I understand there's been some work looking at children and that children who speak certain languages are actually quicker to identify gender and their own gender than children who are learning other languages in other cultures. Now, in a lot of languages, you can't say that because unless you were crazy, and you went out looking to break your arm, and you succeeded - right? Follow on Apple, Google or Spotify. BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. He says there are things we can do to make sure our choices align with our deepest values. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. Happiness 2.0: Surprising Sources of Joy | Hidden Brain Media It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. I'm Shankar Vedantam. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Speaking foreign language). And if the word bridge is masculine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are strong and long and towering - these kind of more stereotypically masculine words. And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. Hidden Brain - Transcripts I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. Hidden Brain. That is the most random thing. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Arlen C. Moller, Motivation Science, 2020. What Makes Lawyers Happy? So that, again, is a huge difference. BORODITSKY: Yeah. And if you can enjoy it as a parade instead of wondering why people keep walking instead of just sitting on chairs and blowing on their tubas and not moving, then you have more fun. So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. You're not going to do any of the things that are seen as a foundation of our technological society. So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. How big are the differences that we're talking about, and how big do you think the implications are for the way we see the world? Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). And a girl goes in this pile. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more elusive the harder we chase it, and what we can do instead to build a lasting sense of contentment. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. edit transcripts, Improve the presence of your podcasts, e.g., self-service, If you share your Listen Notes page and at-mention. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. And so somebody says something literally, somebody takes a point literally. L. Gable, et. That was somehow a dad's fashion, and that I should start wearing flat-fronted pants. I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. There's a way of speaking right. Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts Imagine this. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. So you might say, there's an ant on your northwest leg. Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting. It goes in this pile. Hidden Brain on RadioPublic But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? out. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. All rights reserved. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. So in English, I might say that Sam (ph) broke the flute. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. When the con was exposed, its victims defended the con artists. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. There are different ways to be a psychologist. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. You're not going to do trigonometry. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. I think that it's better to think of language as a parade that either you're watching, or frankly, that you're in, especially because the people are never going to stand still. Could this affect the way, you know, sexism, conscious or unconscious, operates in our world? This week, we launch the first of a two-part mini-series on the scie, If you think about the people in your life, it's likely that they share a lot in common with you. And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so So that's a measurement difference of 100 percent of performance. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment. But if you prefer life - the unpredictability of life - then living language in many ways are much more fun. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. Writing has come along relatively recently. They are ways of seeing the world. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. VEDANTAM: My guest today is - well, why don't I let her introduce herself? People do need to be taught what the socially acceptable forms are. And, I mean, just in terms of even sounds changing and the way that you put words together changing bit by bit, and there's never been a language that didn't do that. VEDANTAM: I'm Shankar Vedantam. And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. Only a couple hundred languages - or if you want to be conservative about it, a hundred languages - are written in any real way and then there are 6,800 others. Elon Musk's brain chips, starvation in Somalia and Greek anguish Additional Resources Book: Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. They can be small differences but important in other ways. And what's cool about languages, like the languages spoken in Pormpuraaw, is that they don't use words like left and right, and instead, everything is placed in cardinal directions like north, south, east and west. Shankar Vedantam, host of the popular podcast "Hidden Brain" has been reporting on human behavior for decades. (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "PARKS AND RECREATION"). The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. And so language changed just like the clouds in the sky. There's not a bigger difference you could find than 100 percent of the measurement space. It's inherent. podcast pages. So what happens is that once literally comes to feel like it means really, people start using it in figurative constructions such as I was literally dying of thirst. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Read the episode transcript. He didn't like that people were shortening the words. But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. In the final episode of our Relationships 2.0 series, psychologistHarry Reis says theres another ingredient to successful relationships thats every bit as important as love. How to Really Know Another Person - Transcripts So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. He. When she was 12, her family came to the United States from the Soviet Union. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Decoding Emotions - Transcripts He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. Hidden Brain You can't touch time. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? VEDANTAM: As someone who spends a lot of his time listening to language evolve, John hears a lot of slang. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Because it was. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: (Speaking foreign language). Podcasters use the RadioPublic listener relationship platform to build lasting connections with fans. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. And they said, well, of course. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. How do certain memes go viral? Opening scene of Lady Bird Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. So for example, English speakers, because they're very likely to say, he did it or someone did it, they are very good at remembering who did it, even if it's an accident. But they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Parents and peers influence our major life choices, but they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. Whats going on here? Now, many people hear that and they think, well, that's no good because now literally can mean its opposite. But actually, it's something that's not so hard to learn. And so for example, if the word chair is masculine in your language, why is that? Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. I'm . It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, by Jamil Zaki, Niall Bolger, Kevin Ochsner, Psychological Science, 2008. If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. And if it was feminine, then you're likely to paint death as a woman. He says that buying into false beliefs, in other words, deluding ourselves can . Those sorts things tend to start with women. 5.3 Misbehaving Hidden Brain NPR - HOURLY NEWS DONATE < Predictably There was no such thing as looking up what it originally meant. We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. Dictionaries are wonderful things, but they create an illusion that there's such thing as a language that stands still, when really it's the nature of human language to change.
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