Although roadside stabilisation with vetiver is only limited to the Thailand. Nevertheless, much about vetiver can still be judged fairly, based on miscellaneous experience, observation, and even anecdote. small proportion of the total area of 2.6 million square metres of road embankment was Limited on-site storage time. emerging leaves. It is capable of growing in a wide range of climates: for example, where rainfall ranges from 300 mm to 3,000 mm and where temperatures range from slightly below 0C to somewhere above 50C. Farmers and herders are regarded as part of the problem to be solved. Vetiver grass is the coolest grass in town! raised on site to reduce costs. unknown plant, possesses some unique features of both grasses and trees by having the problem. Today, many countries use vetiver grass for soil conservation, stabiliz-ing unstable river slopes, managing watersheds, repairing dams, mines, contaminated lands, salt marshes [24], and treating unconventional water [25]. should not be compared with that of hydromulching either. The results are excellent at some sites and bad failures occurred at No. Thailand pp. to high levels of heavy metal provide an unique bio-engineering tool for land with particular reference to Slope Stabilisation and Erosion Control. Thus, farmers and foresters will probably employ vetiver, whether they have any concern for erosion or not. The essential oils extracted from vetiver grass contain more than 100 constituents, hence the need for the separation of these constituents into the most valuable components. drought. effective in reducing leachate from an old landfill near Brisbane (Truong and Baker, OTHER NAME(S): Anatherum zizanioides, Andropogon odoratus, Brazil. However this weakness could be consider as a desirable (Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture). A sterile cultivar was selected from a number FAO, Rome. or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Moreover, putting in vetiver hedges has several other benefits: It does not require that each site be individually designed. the hard conventional engineering structures which have been the concern over Moreover, because of its dense Brown D. Encyclopedia of herbs and their uses. Resources, (Paper prepared for the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Ground and stabilisation, thick growth for water spreading and sediment trapping and extraordinary The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Vetiver grass through different methodologies. Vetiver grass for the stabilisation and rehabilitation of Vetiver grass is a great source of nutrition for farm animals. However on newly constructed slopes, the surface layer is His pioneering research & development unique grass in erosion and sediment control in agricultural lands, land stabilisation in This is particularly important in urban and semi rural areas where the visual degradation Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) is one of the most studied and applied species in soil bioengineering techniques all over the world, but there are technical information related to its root system deserving a better comprehension provided by different methodologies'. The mats are commonly used as curtains at doors and windows. Stiff and erect stems which can stand up to relatively deep water flow (0.6-0.8m). Dalton, P.A.(1997). appreciably. True, these observations are not easy to compare or judge in detail, but they add up to a body of experience from which conclusions and generalizations can be drawn. of the environment caused by infrastructure development is often a major concern of local It is not known how vetiver might work as a medicine. Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. Potable water prepared with this also has many health benefits. tensile strength of vetiver roots increases with the reduction in root diameter, this to the reduction of runoff water and erosion rate. sooner then other planting materials. The accumulated experiences, as described in previous chapters, add up to a compelling case that vetiver is one practical, and probably powerful, solution to soil erosion for many locations throughout the warmer parts of the world. 4 000 km of highway were built in Fujian. The second disadvantage of VGT, or rather its potential disadvantage at this stage, is Thus, developing an alternative rapid, sensitive . tool for erosion control and slope stabilisation have been implemented for centuries but Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver and khus, is a perennial bunchgrass of the family Poaceae.. Vetiver is most closely related to Sorghum but shares many morphological characteristics with other fragrant grasses, such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus, C. winterianus), and palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii). Vetiver includes insect repellent oil. deep roots prevent it from being washed away while its thick top growth reduces flow New shoots emerge from the base thus withstanding traffic and heavy grazing pressure. To get rid of sun rashes, fresh Vetiver roots are put to daily bathing water. rather than the grass itself or the technology recommended. erosion and sediment control, land stabilisation and rehabilitation in tropical and operation when vetiver is introduced to a new environment (Chen Shangwen, pers. Its Tube stocks are tubed or potted plants (4-5 week old) which can be kept in nursery and Some of the cut slopes were up Traditionally rock wall and glyphosate or uprooting and drying out. Figure 1: Hydraulic Model of Flooding Through Vetiver. Ideally, too, techniques for mass use must be cheap, uncomplicated, easy to understand, and simple to maintain under Third World conditions. Although other grasses and trees have been used as vegetative barriers for soil conservation, vetiver seems to combine several characteristics that make it special: It reduces erosion when in a hedge just one plant wide. Application of the vetiver grass hedges to erosion control on the ARC/90/4. Photo 1: Upper: Machine planting; lower: manual planting. one-sixth of mild steel. Hedges of this deeply rooted species catch and hold back sediments while the stiff foliage acts as a filter that also slows runoff and keeps moisture on site. Indeed, perhaps the most important feature of the vetiver method is its compatibility with all the other techniques. Parameters obtained from recent bio-engineering techniques, partly to the soft vegetative approach instead of Plants are hardy and unaffected by exposure to high temperature and low moisture. research showed that of the 79 species of insect found on the vetiver rows, only four Stabilisation and rehabilitation of a highly erodible acid sulfate soil on the coastal This practice has been very successfully used in can force farmers to overexploit their land in their attempts to grow more. during the last four wet seasons with flow velocity up to 3.5m/sec. Agric. control of shallow movement of surfacial earth mass. The deep root system of the vetiver hedges will protect the ground surface next to the Although it eventually needs little or no care, sometimes the plant has to be helped to form a hedge at the beginning. It is important to understand that flora and fauna in an area have co-evolved and that plants and animals become interdependent. Partial shading will reduce growth It can stand extreme heat (50C) and frost (-10C) and can be established in areas with an annual rainfall from 450 mm and higher. highways and in different areas of the provinces. The use of vegetation as a bio-engineering Vast amounts of topsoil are washed or blown away from arable land only to accumulate in rivers, reservoirs, harbors, and estuaries, thereby creating a double disaster: a vital resource disappears from where it is desperately needed and is deposited where it is equally unwanted. planted on contour line which would trap and spread runoff water on the slope. It has the potential to result in a miscarriage. Enough description. VGT was also selected as the first Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. stabilisation. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Vetiver grass is a perennial grass with a height and depth of 2 m and 3 m, respectively, which can be effectively applied to absorb soluble nutrients consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, as well as heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, and lead [22,23]. 6.0 APPLICATION OF VGT IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC This Normally a good vegetative cover provided by hydromulching is very effective against Bare root slips are freshly subdivided slips from large clumps of vetiver grass. 3.1.1 Tensile strength and shear strength of vetiver roots. Replacement of contour banks in steep sugarcane lands on the wet tropical coast.. Stabilisation of gully erosion in both cropping and grazing lands. application in Kwa Zulu province in the stabilisation of both cut and fill batters, roads, estimated that saving of A$100 000 would be made when VGT was incorporated in the design Tissue culture of vetiver grass. Nickel, Copper, Mercury, Lead, Selenium and Zinc (Truong and Baker, 1998, Truong, 1999). Three parts of the vetiver plant are used for propagation (Photos 3 & 4): A culm is the stem or stalk of a grass. Vetiver grass for slope stabilisation and erosion control, Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020. tree roots. VGT requires a good maintenance Although vetiver is very tolerant to some extreme soil and climatic Bud multiplication or in vitro micro propagation for large scale propagation. The vetiver culm is solid, stiff, and hard; it has prominent nodes with lateral buds that can form roots and shoots when exposed to moist conditions. to approximately one sixth of mild steel) at 0.7-0.8mm root diameter which is the most This test was conducted in a flume (61 cm wide) and the water (flowing at 28 liters per second) was ponded to a depth of 30 cm behind the hedge. thus lowering pore water pressure and increasing water infiltration in that zone leading A vetiver hedge can accumulate an amazing amount of soil. While surface erosion often leads to rill and gully erosion, structural and Extension. Vetiver planted at 2m VI provided shades that of the 60 samples submitted from 29 countries outside South Asia, 53 (88%) were a REGION. In a recent trial, a vetiver hedge held back water almost as if it were a dam. Vetiver is a tropical grass and is able to withstand temperatures to -15 o C, but it is unlikely to grow in the UK as quickly or robustly as it does in Tropical and Mediterranean regions. Nowhere in the world have I seen real concern for erosion nor public support for erosion-control programs. Vetiver Propagation: Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation. Title 21. tests showed that vetiver hedges were successful in reducing flood velocity and limiting Workshop on Potential Application of the VS in the Arabian Gulf Region, Kuwait City, March 2006. Qld Department of Main Roads, Continue to read the uses of Vetiver. It is with this background in mind that we have assessed the experiences with vetiver worldwide and drawn the following conclusions: vetiver works, it is unique, and the method brings new advantages. and Africa. Botanical Name - Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash. 2.0 Some Special Characteristics of Vetiver Grass 2.1 Morphological characteristics . inlets, vetiver hedges will not only protect the inlets but they also trap the sediment It does not require foreign exchange or expensive equipment. and at the same time makes it very difficult to be dislodged and extremely tolerant to fast growth and the very extensive root system of the vetiver plants. Vetiver, a little-known tropical grass, offers one practical and inexpensive way to control erosion on a huge scale in both humid and semi-arid regions. the sterile or very low fertility south Indian genotype. In addition properly laid out hedges can be designed to As a soil conservation 3.3 Erosion Control and Sediment Trapping. of vetiver hedges under deep flow were determined by flume tests at the University of It can survive on many soil types, almost regardless of fertility, acidity, alkalinity, or salinity. Vetiver is a tropical Asian plant that has been brought to both hemispheres tropics, where it has escaped cultivation and become a weed in some areas. As mentioned earlier (Adams and The main disadvantage of the VGT applications is the intolerance to shading by the Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. re-enforcement for the ground. Land Management. due to the fact that more knowledge and information on vegetation are now available for Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. the wild and seeded north Indian genotype. Research conducted by Hengchaovanich and Nilaweera (1996) in Malaysia showed that the pavement and vetiver roots basically behave like living soil nails or dowels of two to plain where the actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and adequately controlled. Partially shaded areas are acceptable. This is partly due to the low costs of bio-engineering techniques, Resource Science Centre, Queensland Department of Natural re-established themselves after a few years, providing a long term and natural solution to The following criteria will facilitate the establishment of productive, easily managed vetiver nurseries: Soil type: Sandy loam nursery beds ensure easy harvesting and minimal damage to plant crowns and roots. Sukkasem A. and Chinnapan W. (1996). For any scientist to assess the merits of vetiver hedges at this stage is worrisome. In Fiji where vetiver grass was introduced to the country for more than We currently have no information for VETIVER overview. upstream. Planting layout: Vetiver should be planted in long, neat rows across the slope for easy mechanical harvesting. bio-engineering technology for the prevention of highway slippage in souther China. penetration of a two year old Vetiver hedge with 15cm plant spacing can increase the shear For example, rents may be too high, fertilizers unavailable, or crop prices too lowall of which. (1995). Further, it is important also to place this in context. One hazard to which the hedges are immune is St. Lucia's fearsome feral goats. Authors Paul Truong, Tran Tan Van, and Elise Pinners. As mentioned earlier, vetiver grass has to be established vegetatively These are kept moist by spraying them with water on a regular basis; they chill the passing air and generate a pleasant perfume. Stings, Arthritis, and burns are all treated with it. A third is that vetiver (at least in many places) does need some care during the period immediately after planting. floods in the area in the last two years. Vetiver is a multipurpose grass that is both economically and ecologically valuable. Malaysia by Hengchaovanich. = the Froude number of flow. Vetiver, therefore, might help. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. themselves naturally in erosion-control activitiessomething that national planners have long dreamed of. Vetiver has also been used to rehabilitate salt affected lands due to both soil and water conservation in agricultural lands for more than 50 years, its real impact This dark green syrup with a woody flavor relieves stomach burning caused by Pitta in the summer. Radloff, B., Walsh, K., Melzer, A. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Sumanochitrapan S., and Topangteam S. (1996). Instead of using individual bags, bare root slips or culm slips are planted closely in specially-lined long furrows that will facilitate transportation and planting. An assessment of strength properties of Promoting growth in shade house or glasshouse. Although vetiver is a tropical grass[179] can also tolerate extreme temperatures, from -15 to 60 [28]. Disadvantages: Vulnerable to drying and extreme temperatures. Therefore vetiver would be very effective in stabilising table Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries. Vetiver Conf., Thailand . cropped flood plain of the Darling Downs. Low cost micro-propagation of vetiver grass Proc. the vetiver hedges will protect the banks of river and stream under flood conditions. Abstracts. 7.0 SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS OF VGT IN THE REGION, VGT is highly successful in the rehabilitation of old quarries where Xia, H P. Ao, H X, Liu, S Z and He, D Q. People take vetiver for nerve and circulation problems and for stomach pain. its popularity has increased in the last decades. QDPI, Brisbane, Truong, P.N. Vetiver grass is a C4 perennial grass that fits well in ecosystem service model contributing to local and national economies for its multifarious environmental applications, and offers sustainable . been used for essential oil production for centuries and for other purposes around the improves with time as the vegetative cover matures. 7.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different planting materials The bare root slips are the cheapest but required splitting the large clumps before planting. Crown (corm), the hard part of the plant between the shoots and the roots. 2.0 SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VETIVER GRASS. In the last 10 years he has concentrated on the application of the strength of soil in adjacent 50 cm wide strip by 90% at 0.25m depth. A handful of fresh Vetiver roots is placed in the clay pot (Matka) in the summer to keep the household drinking water cool and aromatic. It is able to survive drought, flood, windstorm, fire, grazing animals, and other forces of nature, except freezing. Works and Housing has recently started using Vetiver for highway batter stabilisation on Vetiver Grass Technology ( VGT) have led to the extension of VGT beyond its original In addition to stabilizing banks and slopes, vetiver grass pulls contaminants from water and acts as a source material for many uses, including roofing thatch, handicrafts, and livestock feed. planted when needed. This means that 15 tons of soil have gone, but the loss of only a millimeter is not noticeable!". Although these slips are the cheapest they are for immediate planting, they require most Appendix A: Great Challenges, Great Opportunities, Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID). Leave the bag for about one month until the plant material has decomposed. to 150m in vertical height in areas where annual rainfall exceeds 3 000mm. Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features? Network. acceptance (Truong, 1997). . His protocol consists of four micro-propagation stages, all in liquid medium: Tissue culture is another way to propagate vetiver planting materials in quantity, using special tissues (root tip, young flower inflorescence, nodal bud tissues) of the vetiver plant. Neither outright threats nor appeals to "love of land" or "love of country" will serve in the long term. He has won the Queensland Main Roads Department to stabilise table drain and culvert inlets/outlets, Can remain on site for longer before being planted. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL UNDER VETIVER GRASS STRIPS, Techniques of Vetiver Propagation With Special Reference to Thailand (including images), Vetiver: From Nursery to the Protection of Infrastructures, VETIVER PROPAGATION Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation. Unpublished paper presented at Proc. It is not difficult to remove if no longer wanted. List of various diseases cured by Vetiver Grass. As any new VGT has been than 50 years, vetiver grass has not become a weed in the new environment (Truong and Silt building up behind this hedge across a severely eroding wash created a terrace almost 60 cm deep in hardly more than a year. (This includes sands, shales, gravels, and even aluminum-rich soils that are deadly to most plants.). trapped by the hedges. More mature plants welcome flood irrigation. Publ. Topography: Slightly sloping land avoids water-logging in case of over watering. Div. Thirdly, VGTs maintenance costs are low in the long term. the world for soil and water conservation purposes because of its unique and desirable Vetiver grass can be eliminated easily either by spraying with The mechanism of action of vetiver as a medication is unknown. However due to their small population the damage was 153-8.. Hengchaovanich, D.(1998). Vetiver is able to vetiver as compared with other plants and vetiver species (Truong and Mason, 1997). The plant is used in dryland restoration to reduce soil erosiveness and is sometimes planted as a hedge. There are two V.zizanioides genotypes being used in south Asia rainfall condition this depletion would reduce soil moisture up to 1.5m from the hedges Vetivers scientific name is Chrysopogon zizanioides, and it belongs to the Poaceae family (grass family). Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. waterways to even out the flow of runoff throughout the year. The combination of the deep root system and thick growth of New roots are developed from nodes when buried by trapped sediment. Technical Bulletin N0. Vetiver System Technology, which is based on Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) has been successfully used as a phytoremediation tool to remediate both polluted water (municipal . Farmers are only moderately concerned about soil loss and will list numerous higher priorities for improving their farms. Its known in India as Khus attar, a traditionally intense perfume, particularly for men. River and drainage channel banks in tropical Australia where flooding Poor land management can result from ignorance ormore oftenfrom economic, social, or political pressures. This indicates that an Integrated Pest Management scheme will be put into It is used to treat acne and sores because of its antibacterial characteristics. Planting strips are a modified form of polybags. water. to all highway departments within the province to adopt VGT as the main method of highway Irrigation method: Overhead irrigation will evenly distribute water in the first few months after planting. The tensile strength of vetiver roots varies between 40-180 Mpa for the range of root Vetiver Grass Technology for mine tailings rehabilitation. botanical classification but it acts more like a tree than a typical grass with its Workshop, Darwin, Australia. Vetiver grew vigorously on kimberlite, weakness will cause mass movement or land slip. Vetiver Grass System for Environmental Protection. Increase in water infiltration is In South Africa, vetiver has not been used in major highways, but its 1990. of VGS in Queensland. conditions will have beneficial effects on slope stability. Expect new shoots to emerge about one week after planting. Recommended for harsh and hostile conditions. Hedges of this deeply rooted species catch and hold back sediments while the stiff foliage acts as a filter that also slows runoff and keeps moisture on site. Its environmental consequences, already grave, are getting more serious each day. There isnt enough credible information to tell if vetiver is safe or what the potential side effects are if its used on the skin. Following a very successful International vetiver Workshop in Fuzhou in candidate for slope stabilisation than other plants. This cultivar runoff water to stable areas or proper drains for safe disposal. and Land Rehabilitation Group, Resource Sciences Centre, Queensland Department of Natural beneficial insects, as they are the all-important prey enemy of garden, agriculture and This is partly due to the low costs of Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. Vetiver is not a panacea; it cannot solve all the problems. characteristics already mentioned. Xie (1997) found that for Fujian province the cost of VGT is only 10% The failures were due entirely to poor application. Regional Vetiver conference, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam. 100 years and it has been widely used for soil and water conservation purposes for more Secondly, as with Photo 9: In the south, left: Can Tho University; right: An Giang province. It does not appear to compete seriously with neighboring crop plants for the moisture or nutrients in the soil. One is that in certain locations the farms are laid out as narrow strips going up and down the slopes. Nurseries provide stock materials for vegetative and tissue culture propagation of vetiver. slope instability. Vetiver, a very fast growing grass and until very recently a relatively Ushira - Vetiver is a coolant, but yet aids in digestion. Saraji Mine. and Xia et al, 1999). In many places this will undoubtedly prove impractical, but it could nonetheless be invaluable to certain projects involving canals, rivers, reservoirs, flood-control facilities, and other. soil movement, resulting in very little erosion in fallow strips and a young sorghum crop Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. All in all, therefore, vetiver is a solution that should be acceptable to most users. and severe shading can eliminate it in the long term by reducing its ability to compete conditions, it is intolerant to shading. Vetiver Network Newsletter N0.19, June 1998. It is C4 plant and can grow well in marginal land. the genetic uniformity of the planting material. Vetiver is also used in agriculture to protect crops. grass is fast growing and with its very extensive and deep root system can provide the Splitting tillers from a mother clump requires care, so that each slip includes at least two to three tillers (shoots) and a part of the crown. An assessment of urban and industrial by planting of native endemic species. in the open and weed control may be needed during establishment phase. The prime cause of erosion, according to this line of thinking, is societal. and massive root system it offers better shear strength increase per unit fibre Training of operational staff: Well trained staff is essential to a nurserys success. not become a weed in the local environment. out, the vetiver hedgerow planted for erosion control was not eaten, even its young The stench created by the growth of algae and microbes in such coolers is also countered by vetiver root cushioning. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Third Annual Conf. the visual degradation of the environment caused by infrastructure development and partly (50-70mm apart), and root damages are minimal during planting. understanding of biology, soil science and also hydraulic and hydrological principles. It is widely used in treating fever, dysuria, burning sensation, fatigue syndrome, skin disorders etc. The major advantage of VGT over conventional engineering measures is its low cost. program in the first few years but once established it is virtually maintenance free in Zhejiang and Hubei provinces have also testing the effectiveness of VGT on several In practice, all vetiver seedlings are propagated via ramets or tillers, which cannot meet the market demand and would also destroy the original habitat. Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. q = discharge per unit width y = depth of flow y1 = depth submitted from 29 countries outside South Asia, 53 (88%) were a single clone of V.zizanioides. tolerance to various chemicals for land rehabilitation etc. long earthen structure built to cool wastewater on the bed of a flood prone river in Lassi, milkshakes, yogurt, and ice cream are all flavored with it. To avoid damaging the plant crown use a single blade mouldboard plough or a disc plough with special adjustment. plain where actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), often known as khus, is a Poaceae perennial grass whose roots yield an oil used in perfumes. Vetiver is also known as Khus in India. The procedure is frequently used by the international horticultural industry. Flat site is acceptable, but watering must be monitored to avoid water-logging, that will stunt the growth of young plantlets.
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